INFORMATIZACIJA
VARSTVA RASTLIN - IZZIV ALI NUJA?
1,4,5
Ministrstvo
za kmetijstvo, gozdarstvo in prehrano, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenija
2
Inšpektorat
RS za kmetijstvo, gozdarstvo, lovstvo in ribištvo, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenija
3
Kmetijski
inštitut Slovenije, Oddelek za varstvo rastlin, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenija
Izvajalci varstva rastlin so
zaradi potrebe po obvladovanju vedno večje množine informacij od leta 1994 na
državnem nivoju parcialno gradili zbirke podatkov in trenutno upravljajo vsaj s
štirimi informacijskimi sistemi, ki so nastajali v različnih časovnih
obdobjih z različno tehnologijo. Na MKGP se vzdržujejo evidence, registri in
zbirke podatkov v komercialnih programih, ki niso povezani v sistem.
Fitosanitarna inšpekcija uporablja interni CK-program. Pooblaščene ustanove
gradijo Karto geografske razprostranjenosti škodljivih organizmov, ki je
zasnova GIS prostorskega prikazovanja podatkov. Opazovalno-napovedovalna služba
uporablja specializiran program AgroExpert, ki ga povezuje v agrometeorološki
sistem, za podporo širši javnosti pa deluje več spletnih strani, ki so
dosegljive preko naslova http://www.bf.uni-lj.si/ag/fito/.
Če ne štejemo agrometeorološkega sistema in spletnih strani, je vzdrževanje
in upravljanje z zbirkami podatkov in s sistemi zaradi parcialnosti drago in
manj učinkovito, ustvarja se več nepovezanih zbirk, prihaja do podvajanja
podatkov in obdelav ter do neenotnosti podatkov. Zaradi naštetih slabosti in
zahtev po hitri izmenjavi informacij s službami za varstvo rastlin drugih držav
ter s Komisijo Evropske Unije, je v državnem programu Republike Slovenije za
prevzem pravnega reda EU predvidena vzpostavitev poenotenega-integriranega
informacijskega sistema za fitosanitarno področje, ki vsebinsko povezuje področje
zdravstvenega varstva rastlin, semena in sadik rastlin (FITO sistem) ter
fitofarmacevtskih sredstev in registracije sort rastlin (FFS sistem). Zaradi
specifičnih zahtev zdravstvenega varstva rastlin so že sedanje rešitve računalniške
podpore rezultat dela internih delovnih skupin, ki so z zunanjimi strokovnjaki
IT uporabile razvojno okolje, ki je bilo na voljo. Tudi FITO informacijski
sistem se bo razvijal pod okriljem državnega odgovornega organa za varstvo
rastlin, saj podpore njegovim postopkom ni mogoče kupiti na trgu. Večji del
programskega razvoja bo potekal z zunanjimi izvajalci, pri tem pa bomo v največji
meri uporabljali dosedanje dobre in slabe izkušnje obstoječih sistemov. Z
vzpostavitvijo informacijskega centra na ministrstvu ter s sodelovanjem
Centra vlade za informatiko je mogoče skupaj s strokovnimi delavci
upravnega organa izvajati vodenje razvoja, koordinacijo, vzdrževanje
podatkovnega skladišča, nadzor
nad zunanjimi izvajalci ter varovanje in upravljanje informacijskega sistema. Za
zanesljivo delovanje sistema je potrebno: vzpostaviti komunikacijske povezave
izvajalcev varstva rastlin z uporabo državnega omrežja (HKOM); dostop
posameznih enot do centra dodatno zaščititi s kodiranjem, okolje pa s požarnim
zidom ločiti od preostalega omrežja; uporabiti sodobno internetno tehnologijo,
ustrezen brskalnik in strežnike. V okviru državnega programa in Twinning
projekta z nizozemsko službo za varstvo rastlin je oblikovana projektna skupina
za informacijsko analizo obstoječih sistemov in pripravo osnutka modulov za
integrirani FITO sistem. Podpora s programsko opremo je nujna na nivoju končnih
uporabnikov v diagnostičnih laboratorijih in v inšpekciji, da lahko preko
spletnega brskalnika urejujejo in pregledujejo podatke. Na drugem nivoju mora
programska oprema omogočati uporabnikom zlasti centralno obdelavo podatkov,
povezovanje z drugimi sistemi (ministrstvo, carina, druge inšpekcijske službe)
in administracijo sistema. Največja
potreba je po razvoju modula za registracijo zavezancev za vpis v register za
varstvo rastlin, ki bo razvit skladno s centralnim registrom ministrstva (RKG-SUB),
ter modula registracije inšpekcijskih dogodkov oziroma vzorcev za diagnostični
laboratorij, ki bo podlaga za upravljanje varstva rastlin v Republiki Sloveniji.
ABSTRACT
In order to master ever
increasing amounts of information, those responsible for providing plant
protection have been constructing data bases piecemeal on a national level since
1994, so that they now operate at least four information systems that have been
created at different periods and
using varied technology. At the Ministry, records, registers and databases are
kept using commercial software that is not linked into a system. The
phytosanitary inspectorate uses an internal CK-program. Authorised institutions
are elaborating a distribution map of harmful
organisms, which introduces the GIS recording-plot method into the plant
protection domain. The monitoring and forecasting service has been using the
specialised program, AgroExpert, and has networked it into the agro-meteorological
system, while several website pages provide support to the wider public when
accessed at the address http://www.bf.uni-lj.si/ag/fito/. Disregarding the agro-meteorological
system and website pages, the maintenance and management of data bases and
systems are expensive and less
effective due to their partial nature, because several unrelated data bases are
created, causing overlapping of data and processing, and lack of uniformity of
the data. In order to avoid these weaknesses and to meet the demand for speedy
exchange of information among various plant protections services in other
countries and the EU Commission, a unified and integrated information system for
the plant protection domain is planned within the national program of the
Republic of Slovenia for the adoption of the acquis communautaire, which links
in terms of content the areas of plant protection, plant seeds and plants for
planting (PHYTO system), plant protection products, and the registration of
plant varieties. Due to the specific demands of plant health protection, up-to-date
solutions provided by IT support have been produced by internal working groups
in co-operation with foreign IT experts, using the available development tools.
The FITO information system will also continue to develop under the auspices of
the national authority responsible for plant protection, since it is not
possible to buy software support on the market. Most software development will
be done through outsourcing, while making optimum use of both good and bad
experiences of existing systems that we have gained so far. By setting up an
information centre at the Ministry, and in co-operation with the expert staff of
the management body, it is possible to implement the development, co-ordination,
maintenance of data storage, supervision of external contractors, and protection
and management of the information system. To achieve reliable operation of the
system, communication links must be established among plant protection providers
using the national network (HKOM);
furthermore, access of individual units to the centre must be protected by a
coding system, and the physical environment must be separated from the rest of
the network by a fireproof wall; in addition, modern Internet technology, an
adequate browser and servers must be used. A project group has been organised
within the national programme and a Twinning project with the Dutch service for
plant protection, to prepare an information analysis of existing systems and a
draft of modules for an integrated FITO system. Software support is essential on
the level of final users in diagnostic laboratories and for inspection, so that
they can edit and review the data. On a second level, the software must make it
possible for users to process the data centrally, to liaise with other systems (the
ministry, customs and other inspection services), and to administer the system.
The most urgently needed is a module for the registration of those liable to
enter into the plant protection register, which will be developed in conjunction
with the central register of the Ministry (RKG-SUB), and a module for the
registration of individual inspections or samples for the diagnostic laboratory,
providing the basis for plant protection management in the Republic of Slovenia.