IZKUŠNJE
PRI BIOTIČNO DINAMIČNEM VARSTVU KMETIJSKIH RASTLIN
1Srednja
kmetijska in gospodinjska šola, SI-3230
Šentjur, Slovenija
2
Španova pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija
V Sloveniji se je začelo
biotično dinamično pridelovanje pred 20 leti, ko so organizirali predavanja za
pridelovalce. Društvo za biotično-dinamično gospodarjenje AJDA so osnovali
leta 1991. Leta 1997 je blagovno znamko DEMETER na osnovi kontrole pridobilo 13
pridelovalcev, v letu 1999 jih je bilo 23: iz Kočevsko-Ribniškega območja (7
kmetij), osrednje Slovenije (9 kmetij), Štajerske (4 kmetije), Gorenjske (2
kmetiji) in Goriške (1 kmetija). V letu 2000 je bilo pod nadzorom 37 kmetij. Na
teh kmetijah temelji varstvo kmetijskih rastlin na biotski pestrosti, gojenju
avtohtonih in odpornih sort, agrotehničnih ukrepih, to so pravilen kolobar, ki
vključuje stročnice, setev, saditev, oskrbo in spravilo na dan določen s
Setvenim koledarjem, uporabo biotično dinamičnih pripravkov na osnovi
kamilice, koprive, regrata, rmana, baldrijana in hrastovega lubja, izbiro
lokacij z ugodnimi naravnimi razmerami, preventivnim in kurativnim delovanjem
rastlinskih izvlečkov, čajev in poparkov iz preslice, kislice, česna, čebule,
rabarbare, pelina itd., z uporabo drugih sredstev dovoljenih v biotično dinamičnem
pridelovanju: kalijev permanganat, glina, mleko, mazavo milo, niamovo olje itd.,
v omejenih količinah z žveplom, žvepleno apneno brozgo in bakrom. V letu 1997
smo s pripravkom Kropin v okolici Maribora uspešno zatrli listne uši. Na učno-pedagoški
kmetiji Spodnje Negonje 2 smo proučili in uspešno gojili različne vrste poljščin
(pšenica eno in dvozrnica, pira, soja, bela koruza, krompir itd.), vrtnin (fižol,
solata itd.), sadnih rastlin (jagode, ribez, kosmulja, ameriške borovnice,
breskve, slive, češnje, višnje, kutine, jablane, hruške, lešnik, oreh,
kostanj) in vinsko trto, kar je dokumentirano v številnih diapozitivih iz tega
pridelovanja.
Abstract
THE
EXPERIENCE AT BIOTICAL DYNAMICAL PLANT PROTECTION OF AGRICULTURAL PLANTS
In Slovenia biotic-dynamical
cultivation started 20 years ago with the organisation of lectures for growers.
The society for biotic-dynamical management AJDA was established in the year
1991. In the year 1997 the trade mark DEMETER was given on the base of control
to 13 farmers, in the year 1999 to 23 farmers: from the Kočevje-Ribnica region
(7 farms), central Slovenia (9 farms), Styria (4 farms), Gorenjska (2 farms) and
Goriška (1 farm). In the year 2000 control was done on 37 farms. The plant
protection is based on: biotical diversity, cultivation of autochthonous and
resistant cultivars, agrotechnical measures such as rotation including
leguminous crops; sowing, transplanting and care on the day appointed by Sowing
calendar; the use of biotic-dynamical preparations on the base of cammomile,
nettle, dandelion, milfoil, valerian, oak bark; the choice of location with
favourable conditions; preventive and curative aplication of extract, teas and
scalded from plants such as horsetail, sorrel, garlic, onion, rhubarb, wormwood
etc.; with the application of other preparation allowed in biotic-dynamical
cultivation: potassium permanganate (KMn03) clay, milk, greasing soap,
niam oil etc.; in limited quantities also with sulphur, sulphurlime soup and
cooper. In the year 1997 in the vicinity of Maribor aphids were successfuly
suppressed by preparate Kropin. On the education and pedagogical farm in Spodnje
Negonje 2 different kinds of field crops (one and two seeded wheat, Triticum spelta, soybean, white corn, potato etc.), vegetables (bean,
lettuce, etc.), fruit crops (strawberry, red and black currants, goosberry,
blueberry, peach, plum, cherry, mahalebcherry, apple-tree, pear-tree, quince,
hazel-tree, nut-tree, chesnut) and vineyard were studied and succesfully
cultivated what is well documented in numerous slides from this growing.