Geni za odpornost proti boleznim, vneseni v genofond hrvaških pšenic,potrjenih v sloveniji

GENI ZA ODPORNOST PROTI BOLEZNIM, VNESENI V GENOFOND HRVAŠKIH PŠENIC, POTRJENIH V SLOVENIJI

Bogdan Korić

Zavod za zaštitu bilja u poljoprivredi i šumarstvu Republike Hrvatske, HR

Z žlahtnenjem pšenice na odpornost proti boleznim je začel na Hrvaškem prof. dr. Gustav Bohutinsky (1903 – 1912). Njegovo delo je nadaljeval prof. dr. Mirko Korić (1922 – 1947), katerega sorta U₁ je zaznamovala dolgo obdobje hrvaškega kmetijstva. Na podlagi lastnih raziskav načinov, kako so se geni za odpornost vključili v genofond posameznih pšeničnih sort, sem ugotovil, da je bilo to »naključno« ali »ciljno«, vendar na podlagi želje žlahniteljev, da napravijo nov, boljši genotip. Razdelil sem jih v dve poglavitni skupini: v prvi so geni za odpornost, ki so vneseni v genofond posameznih sort naključno in so rezultat medsebojnih križanj genotipov zaradi izboljšanja neke druge agronomske lastnosti. Učinek tako vnesenega gena ni vedno zadovoljiv. Drugo skupino tvorijo geni za odpornost, ki so prišli v genofond posameznih sort s »ciljnim« žlahtnenjem. Ta vidik žlahtnenja je dal zelo dobre rezultate v primeru bolezni kot so žitna progasta rja, žitna pepelovka, rjavenje pšeničnih plev in fuzarioza klasa.

Abstract

RESISTANCE GENES INCORPORATED IN GENE COMPLEX IN CROATIAN WHEAT VARIETIES WHICH ARE REGISTERED IN SLOVENIA

Wheat breeding for resistance to diseases was started in Croatia Prof. Dr. Gustav Bohutinsky (1903.-1912.). His work was followed by Prof. Dr. Mirko Korić (1922.-1947.) whose variety U₁ earmarked a great period of development of agriculture in Croatia. After the Second World War, Dr. Josip Potočanac was continued this work during which time its quality was raised to the world’s level.

Investigating how individual resistance genes were incorporated into gene pool of certain wheat varieties, I come to a conclusion that it occurred either randomly or was targeted. First group consists of resistance that were incorporated into gene pool certain randomly, and are the results of mutual crossing between genotypes aimed at improving some other agronomic traits. Effectiveness of those genes was not always satisfactory.

The other group consists of resistance genes that have been incorporated into the gene pool of certain varieties by targeted breeding. Such way of breeding produced very good results, especially when diseases like stem rust, powdery mildew, septoria nodorum blotch and scab.