Ogroženost pridelave hmelja zaradi hmeljeve
uvelosti v Sloveniji
Inštitut za hmeljarstvo in pivovarstvo Žalec, SI-3310 Žalec, Slovenija
Hmeljeva uvelost, ki jo povzročata glivi Verticillium albo-atrum in Verticillium dahliae, je bolezen, ki se lahko na hmelju manifestira v blagi in letalni obliki, kar je odvisno predvsem od patogenosti seva in občutljivosti kultivarja. Blaga oblika hmeljeve uvelosti je bila v Sloveniji prvič ugotovljena leta 1974, medtem ko smo letalno obliko te bolezni prvič odkrili leta 1997 tik pred obiranjem hmelja. V letih 1998 in 1999 smo odkrili na dokaj majhnem območju približno 32 ha okuženih hmeljišč, medtem ko smo v letu 2000 dodatno zabeležili še okrog 65 ha okuženih hmeljišč na štirih novih območjih, ki pa skupaj s prejšnjimi območji predstavljajo kar slabo polovico hmeljskih pridelovalnih območij v Savinjski dolini. V vseh letih so bili skladno z zakonskimi predpisi izvedeni vsi karantenski ukrepi za uničenje in preprečevanje širjenja bolezni. V prispevku so prikazane aktivnosti na področju svetovalnega dela kot tudi aktivnosti na področju raziskav preučevanja glive ter žlahtnjenja hmelja na tolerantnost za hmeljevo uvelost. Na območjih, kjer se je bolezen pojavila v letu 1998 in 1999 in smo izvedli ukrepe uničenja nasadov kot tudi vse preprečevalne ukrepe pri pridelovanju hmelja, v letu 2000 nismo zabeležili novih okuženih hmeljišč. Na podlagi tega je zaenkrat mogoče sklepati, da bi lahko s strogimi ukrepi v veliki meri omejili oziroma preprečili nadaljnje širjenje hmeljeve uvelosti ter ohranili sedanja zemljišča zasajena s hmeljem.
ABSTRACT
Hop production in Slovenia threatened by Verticillium
spp.
Hop wilt, caused by Verticillium albo-atrum and Verticillium dahliae, occurs in a non-lethal,
fluctuating form and lethal or
progressive form. Disease severity varies mainly due to pathogenicity of the
strains and Hop cultivars resistance. The fluctuating wilt was first found and
recognized in Slovenia in 1974, while more pathogen, progressive wilt was first
found in 1997 just before harvest. The symptoms of lethal strain were observed
and correspond to the description of progressive form of wilt in England. In
1998 and 1999 over 32 ha of Hop gardens on small area were found with
progressive wilt and another 65 ha within four new areas in the year 2000. The
locations with infested Hop gardens could be found almost on a half of the Hop
growing area in Savinja Valley. Since 1998 all required and recommended
quarantine measures have been performed to prevent the spreading of Hop wilt.
Different activities in the field of research and advising service are described
in the paper, including fungi research, detection and inspection methods, Hop
breeding, phytosanitary measures and others. In the areas, where Hop wilt
occured in 1998 and 1999 and where all quarantine measures were
performed, no new outbrakes of the disease have been detected. On the
basis of the recent experiences in Slovenia it can be expected that strict
quarantene measures could eradicate or at least prevent further wilt spreading
and help to preserve the present hectares
of Hop gardens.