Solanum stoloniferum IN S. tarnii KOT VIRI ODPORNOSTI ZA NTN SEV KROMPIRJEVEGA VIRUSA Y (PVY^NTN)

József Horváth, András Takács and Gabriella Kazinczi

University of Veszprém, Georgikon Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, H-8361 Keszthely , Hungary

Krompir je zaradi svoje prehrambene  vrednosti ena izmed naših najpomembnejših kmetijskih rastlin. Med gojenimi rastlinami ima krompir največ bolezni in škodljivcev. Krompirjev virus Y (PVY) pripada rodu Potyvirus in družini Potyviroidae, ki tvori največjo znano in ekonomsko najpomembnejšo družino rastlinskih virusov. Nov sev PVY virusa, ki povzroča močno izražene nekrotične obročke na krompirjevih gomoljih, je na Madžarskem  prvič izoliral Beczner s sod. (1982). Sev pripada nekrotični skupini PVY. Sev je poimenoval Horváth (1992) in to ime je sprejela Virološka sekcija EAPR (Evropska zveza za raziskave krompirja). Akronim tega novega seva je PVY ^{N(ew) T(uber) N(ecrosis)} , torej PVY virus z novo nekrozo na gomoljih. Bolezen obročkasta nekroza krompirjevih gomoljev (PTNRD) prepoznamo po površinskih lokih in obročkih okrog očes, ki so najprej izbočeni, nato pa udrti in nekrotični. Domnevajo, da lahko  PVY^NTN premaga odpornost na polju pri številnih krompirjevih kultivarjih. Ta sev virusa se je razselil po vsej  Evropi in drugod po svetu. Odkrivanje virov odpornosti je zelo pomembno, zato smo preskušali divje vrste iz rodu Solanum na njihovo občutljivost ali odpornost proti NTN sevu PVY virusa. Smoter te raziskave je bil ugotavljanje potencialnih virov odpornosti med divjimi vrstami iz rodu Solanum, ki bi jih lahko uporabili v žlahtnjiteljskih programih. Proučili smo več kot 100 divjih vrst in akcesij  iz rodu Solanum in našli nekaj vrst in akcesij, odpornih poti PVY^NTN.  Med odpornimi vrstani bi lahko za žlahtnjenje uporabili Solanum stoloniferum in  S. tarnii. Ti dve vrsti sta bili imuni na okužbo z PVY^NTN. Trenutno vzgajamo odporne kultivarje s križanjem s Solanum stoloniferum in  S. tarnii (t.j. 'Szignal').

ABSTRACT

  Solanum stoloniferum and S. tarnii as resistance sources of the NTN strain of potato Y potyvirus (PVY^NTN)

Potato is one of our most important crop because of its rule supplying with food. Out of the cultivated plants potato has the most pathogens. Potato Y potyvirus (PVY) is the type member of potyvirus genus of Potyviridae family, which constitutes the largest known and economically most important family of plant viruses. A new strain of PVY, which produces severe necrotic ring symptoms on potato tubers was isolated at the first time by Beczner et al. (1982) in Hungary. This strain belongs to the tobacco veinal necrosis strain group. The new strain was named by Horváth (1992) which was accepted by the Virology Section of EAPR (European Association for Potato Research). The acronym of this new strain is:
PVY^{N(ew) T(uber) N(ecrosis)}=PVY^NTN. The potato tuber necrotic ringspot disease (PTNRD) is identified by superficial bows and rings around the eyes, first protruding, later becoming sunken and necrotic. Furthermore PVY^NTN is suspected to overcome field resistance of numerous potato cultivars therefore, this is a resistance breaking strain of PVY. This virus strain became distributed throughout Europe and other parts of the word. The identification of resistance sources is of great importance, therefore experiments were carried out with wild Solanum species for determining their susceptibility or resistance to NTN strain of  PVY. The objective of the study was to identify potential resistance sources among the wild Solanum species that could be used in the potato breeding program. We have studied more than 100 wild Solanum species and accessions to PVY^NTN. It was found some resistance species and accessions. Currently potato cultivars, resistant to PVY are derived from S. stoloniferum (e.g. ‘Szignal’). Out of the resistance species some accessions of Solanum stoloniferum and S. tarnii could be used in the potato breeding. They were immune to the PVY^NTN infection.