Nove
tehnologije spremljanja pojavnosti pokalic in strun (Coleoptera:
Elateridae) v kmetijskih posevkih
Biotehniška
fakulteta, Oddelek za agronomijo, Inštitut za fitomedicino, SI-1000 Ljubljana,
Slovenija
Doslej smo v Sloveniji
evidentirali 10 vrst iz rodu Agriotes:
A. atterimus L., A. acuminatus
Steph., A. ustulatus Schall., A.
litigiosus Rossi, A. pilosellus
Schönh., A. lineatus L., A. obscurus L., A. sputator
L., A. medvedevi Dolin, A.
brevis Cand. Večina teh se pojavlja v kmetijskih posevkih, kjer so predvsem
strune pomembni talni škodljivci, še posebno na okopavinah. Zaradi skritega življenja
ličink v tleh in nočne aktivnosti hroščev tega rodu, so bile dosedanje
metode spremljanja bionomije in prognostike, časovno in delovno, zelo zahtevne
in pogosto niso dale zanesljivih rezultatov. Z odkritjem feromonov pri pomembnejših
evropskih vrstah rodu Agriotes in z
razvojem novih talnih vab za ličinke, smo dobili nove možnosti za natančnejše
spremljanje bionomije in gostote izbranih vrst. Ta metodika omogoča natančno
spremljanje pojavljanja hroščev v sezoni in oceno kritičnih števil ličink
na večjem zemljišču, ob relativno majhni porabi časa. Za spremljanje hroščev
uporabljamo feromonske vabe različnih izvedb. Za vrste, ki plezajo, uporabljamo
vabe, ki so položene na tla, tipa Soil-level, za vrste, ki letajo, pa vabe tipa
VARb, na višini 40-60 cm nad tlemi. Vrste spremljamo v času od marca (maja pri
vrstah A. ustulatus in A. litigiosus) do konca avgusta. Za spremljanje ličink uporabljamo
posebno izvedbo talnih vab, kjer za privabljanje služi kaleča koruza in pšenica,
za ohranjanje vlažnosti pa vermikulit. Tovrstni monitoring smo v letu 2000 prvič
uvedli tudi v Sloveniji, na laboratorijskem polju Biotehniške fakultete v
Ljubljani in na njivah Kmetijskega gospodarstva Lendava, v okolici Petišovcev.
Rezultati so bili zelo dobri. V Ljubljani je bila dominantna vrsta A.
lineatus, v Petišovcih pa vrsti A.
ustulatus in A. sputator.
ABSTRACT
Until now 10 species of
genus Agriotes were registered in Slovenia: A. atterimus L., A. acuminatus
Steph., A. ustulatus Schall., A.
litigiosus Rossi, A. pilosellus
Schönh., A. lineatus L., A. obscurus L., A. sputator
L., A. medvedevi Dolin, A.
brevis Cand. Most of them are important pests of field crops, particularly
wireworms. Due to the hidden live of larvae in the soil and night activity of
adults of this genus, previous methods for estimating of bionomy and prognosis
were very labour and time consuming, without realiable results. With discovering
of female sex pheromones of more important Agriotes
species, and with new design of soil bait traps for larvae, we got new methods
for more accurate monitoring and risk assesment by this genus. This methods
enable exact tracking of adults activity during the season and more exact
evaluation of larval population in larger area and are less time consuming. For
the capture of beatles different design of sex pheromone traps were used. For
crawling species Soil-level traps were used wheares for flying species VARb type
traps, placed 40-60 cm above the ground, are more suitable. The period of
monitoring for adults is from March (from May by A.
ustulatus in A. litigiosus) to the
end of August. For trapping of larvae special design of soil bait traps is used,
where germinating maize and wheat seeds are used as the bait, with vermiculit
for moisture maintainance in the trap. We used this type of monitoring for the
first time in the year 2000 in Slovenia on the laboratory field of Biotechnical
Faculty in Ljubljana and on the fields of Agricultural Estate Lendava in
vicinity of Petišovci, near the Hungarian border. The results were very
promissing. The dominant species were A.
lineatus in Ljubljana, A.
ustulatus and A. sputator in Petišovci.